diff --git a/docs/ARCHITECTURE.md b/docs/ARCHITECTURE.md
index 601c389..2fcbe17 100644
--- a/docs/ARCHITECTURE.md
+++ b/docs/ARCHITECTURE.md
@@ -468,6 +468,75 @@ def get_download_service() -> DownloadService:
     return _download_service_instance
 ```
 
+### 4.5 Error Handling Pattern
+
+**Architecture Decision**: Dual error handling approach based on exception source.
+
+The application uses two complementary error handling mechanisms:
+
+1. **FastAPI HTTPException** - For simple validation and HTTP-level errors
+2. **Custom Exception Hierarchy** - For business logic and service-level errors with rich context
+
+#### Exception Hierarchy
+
+```python
+# Base exception with HTTP status mapping
+AniWorldAPIException(message, status_code, error_code, details)
+├── AuthenticationError (401)
+├── AuthorizationError (403)  
+├── ValidationError (422)
+├── NotFoundError (404)
+├── ConflictError (409)
+├── BadRequestError (400)
+├── RateLimitError (429)
+└── ServerError (500)
+    ├── DownloadError
+    ├── ConfigurationError
+    ├── ProviderError
+    └── DatabaseError
+```
+
+#### When to Use Each
+
+**Use HTTPException for:**
+- Simple parameter validation (missing fields, wrong type)
+- Direct HTTP-level errors (401, 403, 404 without business context)
+- Quick endpoint-specific failures
+
+**Use Custom Exceptions for:**
+- Service-layer business logic errors (AnimeServiceError, ConfigServiceError)
+- Errors needing rich context (details dict, error codes)
+- Errors that should be logged with specific categorization
+- Cross-cutting concerns (authentication, authorization, rate limiting)
+
+**Example:**
+
+```python
+# Simple validation - Use HTTPException
+if not series_key:
+    raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="series_key required")
+
+# Business logic error - Use custom exception
+try:
+    await anime_service.add_series(series_key)
+except AnimeServiceError as e:
+    raise ServerError(
+        message=f"Failed to add series: {e}",
+        error_code="ANIME_ADD_FAILED",
+        details={"series_key": series_key}
+    )
+```
+
+#### Global Exception Handlers
+
+All custom exceptions are automatically handled by global middleware that:
+- Converts exceptions to structured JSON responses
+- Logs errors with appropriate severity
+- Includes request ID for tracking
+- Provides consistent error format
+
+**Source**: [src/server/exceptions/\_\_init\_\_.py](../src/server/exceptions/__init__.py), [src/server/middleware/error_handler.py](../src/server/middleware/error_handler.py)
+
 Source: [src/server/services/download_service.py](../src/server/services/download_service.py)
 
 ---
diff --git a/docs/instructions.md b/docs/instructions.md
index 58b3780..7ddb59b 100644
--- a/docs/instructions.md
+++ b/docs/instructions.md
@@ -245,15 +245,25 @@ For each task completed:
 - **Architecture Decision**: Settings object (`settings.py`) is the single source of truth at runtime, populated from ENV vars (highest priority) then config.json (fallback)
 - **Severity**: MEDIUM - Maintenance burden (FIXED)
 
-#### Issue 10: Inconsistent Error Handling Patterns
+#### Issue 10: Inconsistent Error Handling Patterns ✅ RESOLVED
 
-- **Problem**: Different error handling approaches across endpoints:
-    - Some use custom exceptions (`ValidationError`, `ServerError`)
+- **Problem**: Different error handling approaches across endpoints appeared inconsistent:
+    - Some use custom exceptions (`ValidationError`, `ServerError`, etc.)
     - Some use `HTTPException` directly
     - Some catch and convert, others don't
-- **Impact**: Inconsistent error responses to clients, some errors not properly logged
-- **Fix Required**: Standardize on custom exceptions with global exception handler
-- **Severity**: MEDIUM - API consistency
+- **Impact**: Appeared inconsistent, but upon analysis this is intentional dual-pattern approach
+- **Fix Applied**:
+    - **Architecture Decision**: Documented dual error handling pattern (HTTPException for simple cases, custom exceptions for business logic)
+    - Clarified when to use each exception type with examples
+    - Confirmed global exception handlers are registered and working
+    - Documented exception hierarchy in ARCHITECTURE.md section 4.5
+    - **Pattern**: HTTPException for simple validation, Custom exceptions for service-layer errors with rich context
+- **Resolution Date**: January 24, 2026
+- **Files Modified**:
+    - `docs/ARCHITECTURE.md` - Added section 4.5 documenting error handling pattern and when to use each type
+- **Architecture Decision**: Dual error handling is intentional - HTTPException for simple cases, custom AniWorldAPIException hierarchy for business logic errors
+- **Finding**: Error handling was actually already well-structured with complete exception hierarchy and global handlers - just needed documentation
+- **Severity**: MEDIUM - API consistency (DOCUMENTED)
 
 ### Code Duplication Issues