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# emacs: -*- mode: python; py-indent-offset: 4; indent-tabs-mode: t -*-
# vi: set ft=python sts=4 ts=4 sw=4 noet :
# This file is part of Fail2Ban.
#
# Fail2Ban is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# Fail2Ban is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with Fail2Ban; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
__author__ = "Serg G. Brester (sebres) and Fail2Ban Contributors"
__copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2004 Cyril Jaquier, 2011-2012 Yaroslav Halchenko, 2012-2015 Serg G. Brester"
__license__ = "GPL"
import fcntl
import logging
import os
import signal
import subprocess
import sys
from threading import Lock
import time
import types
from ..helpers import getLogger, _merge_dicts, uni_decode
from collections import OrderedDict
import importlib.machinery
# Gets the instance of the logger.
logSys = getLogger(__name__)
# Some hints on common abnormal exit codes
_RETCODE_HINTS = {
127: '"Command not found". Make sure that all commands in %(realCmd)r '
'are in the PATH of fail2ban-server process '
'(grep -a PATH= /proc/`pidof -x fail2ban-server`/environ). '
'You may want to start '
'"fail2ban-server -f" separately, initiate it with '
'"fail2ban-client reload" in another shell session and observe if '
'additional informative error messages appear in the terminals.'
}
# Dictionary to lookup signal name from number
signame = dict((num, name)
for name, num in signal.__dict__.items() if name.startswith("SIG"))
class Utils():
"""Utilities provide diverse static methods like executes OS shell commands, etc.
"""
DEFAULT_SLEEP_TIME = 2
DEFAULT_SLEEP_INTERVAL = 0.2
DEFAULT_SHORT_INTERVAL = 0.001
DEFAULT_SHORTEST_INTERVAL = DEFAULT_SHORT_INTERVAL / 100
class Cache(object):
"""A simple cache with a TTL and limit on size
"""
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
self.setOptions(*args, **kwargs)
self._cache = OrderedDict()
self.__lock = Lock()
def setOptions(self, maxCount=1000, maxTime=60):
self.maxCount = maxCount
self.maxTime = maxTime
def __len__(self):
return len(self._cache)
def get(self, k, defv=None):
v = self._cache.get(k)
if v:
if v[1] > time.time():
return v[0]
self.unset(k)
return defv
def set(self, k, v):
t = time.time()
# avoid multiple modification of dict multi-threaded:
cache = self._cache
with self.__lock:
# clean cache if max count reached:
if len(cache) >= self.maxCount:
# ordered (so remove some from ahead, FIFO)
while cache:
(ck, cv) = cache.popitem(last=False)
# if not yet expired (but has free slot for new entry):
if cv[1] > t and len(cache) < self.maxCount:
break
# set now:
cache[k] = (v, t + self.maxTime)
def unset(self, k):
with self.__lock:
self._cache.pop(k, None)
def clear(self):
with self.__lock:
self._cache.clear()
@staticmethod
def setFBlockMode(fhandle, value):
flags = fcntl.fcntl(fhandle, fcntl.F_GETFL)
if not value:
flags |= os.O_NONBLOCK
else:
flags &= ~os.O_NONBLOCK
fcntl.fcntl(fhandle, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags)
return flags
@staticmethod
def buildShellCmd(realCmd, varsDict):
"""Generates new shell command as array, contains map as variables to
arguments statement (varsStat), the command (realCmd) used this variables and
the list of the arguments, mapped from varsDict
Example:
buildShellCmd('echo "V2: $v2, V1: $v1"', {"v1": "val 1", "v2": "val 2", "vUnused": "unused var"})
returns:
['v1=$0 v2=$1 vUnused=$2 \necho "V2: $v2, V1: $v1"', 'val 1', 'val 2', 'unused var']
"""
# build map as array of vars and command line array:
varsStat = ""
if not isinstance(realCmd, list):
realCmd = [realCmd]
i = len(realCmd)-1
for k, v in varsDict.items():
varsStat += "%s=$%s " % (k, i)
realCmd.append(v)
i += 1
realCmd[0] = varsStat + "\n" + realCmd[0]
return realCmd
@staticmethod
def executeCmd(realCmd, timeout=60, shell=True, output=False, tout_kill_tree=True,
success_codes=(0,), varsDict=None):
"""Executes a command.
Parameters
----------
realCmd : str
The command to execute.
timeout : int
The time out in seconds for the command.
shell : bool
If shell is True (default), the specified command (may be a string) will be
executed through the shell.
output : bool
If output is True, the function returns tuple (success, stdoutdata, stderrdata, returncode).
If False, just indication of success is returned
varsDict: dict
variables supplied to the command (or to the shell script)
Returns
-------
bool or (bool, str, str, int)
True if the command succeeded and with stdout, stderr, returncode if output was set to True
Raises
------
OSError
If command fails to be executed.
RuntimeError
If command execution times out.
"""
stdout = stderr = None
retcode = None
popen = env = None
if varsDict:
if shell:
# build map as array of vars and command line array:
realCmd = Utils.buildShellCmd(realCmd, varsDict)
else: # pragma: no cover - currently unused
env = _merge_dicts(os.environ, varsDict)
realCmdId = id(realCmd)
logCmd = lambda level: logSys.log(level, "%x -- exec: %s", realCmdId, realCmd)
try:
popen = subprocess.Popen(
realCmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=shell, env=env,
preexec_fn=os.setsid # so that killpg does not kill our process
)
# wait with timeout for process has terminated:
retcode = popen.poll()
if retcode is None:
def _popen_wait_end():
retcode = popen.poll()
return (True, retcode) if retcode is not None else None
# popen.poll is fast operation so we can use the shortest sleep interval:
retcode = Utils.wait_for(_popen_wait_end, timeout, Utils.DEFAULT_SHORTEST_INTERVAL)
if retcode:
retcode = retcode[1]
# if timeout:
if retcode is None:
if logCmd: logCmd(logging.ERROR); logCmd = None
logSys.error("%x -- timed out after %s seconds." %
(realCmdId, timeout))
pgid = os.getpgid(popen.pid)
# if not tree - first try to terminate and then kill, otherwise - kill (-9) only:
os.killpg(pgid, signal.SIGTERM) # Terminate the process
time.sleep(Utils.DEFAULT_SLEEP_INTERVAL)
retcode = popen.poll()
#logSys.debug("%s -- terminated %s ", realCmd, retcode)
if retcode is None or tout_kill_tree: # Still going...
os.killpg(pgid, signal.SIGKILL) # Kill the process
time.sleep(Utils.DEFAULT_SLEEP_INTERVAL)
if retcode is None: # pragma: no cover - too sporadic
retcode = popen.poll()
#logSys.debug("%s -- killed %s ", realCmd, retcode)
if retcode is None and not Utils.pid_exists(pgid): # pragma: no cover
retcode = signal.SIGKILL
except OSError as e:
if logCmd: logCmd(logging.ERROR); logCmd = None
stderr = "%s -- failed with %s" % (realCmd, e)
logSys.error(stderr)
if not popen:
return False if not output else (False, stdout, stderr, retcode)
std_level = logging.DEBUG if retcode in success_codes else logging.ERROR
if std_level >= logSys.getEffectiveLevel():
if logCmd: logCmd(std_level-1 if std_level == logging.DEBUG else logging.ERROR); logCmd = None
# if we need output (to return or to log it):
if output or std_level >= logSys.getEffectiveLevel():
# if was timeouted (killed/terminated) - to prevent waiting, set std handles to non-blocking mode.
if popen.stdout:
try:
if retcode is None or retcode < 0:
Utils.setFBlockMode(popen.stdout, False)
stdout = popen.stdout.read()
except IOError as e: # pragma: no cover
logSys.error(" ... -- failed to read stdout %s", e)
if stdout is not None and stdout != '' and std_level >= logSys.getEffectiveLevel():
for l in stdout.splitlines():
logSys.log(std_level, "%x -- stdout: %r", realCmdId, uni_decode(l))
if popen.stderr:
try:
if retcode is None or retcode < 0:
Utils.setFBlockMode(popen.stderr, False)
stderr = popen.stderr.read()
except IOError as e: # pragma: no cover
logSys.error(" ... -- failed to read stderr %s", e)
if stderr is not None and stderr != '' and std_level >= logSys.getEffectiveLevel():
for l in stderr.splitlines():
logSys.log(std_level, "%x -- stderr: %r", realCmdId, uni_decode(l))
if popen.stdout: popen.stdout.close()
if popen.stderr: popen.stderr.close()
success = False
if retcode in success_codes:
logSys.debug("%x -- returned successfully %i", realCmdId, retcode)
success = True
elif retcode is None:
logSys.error("%x -- unable to kill PID %i", realCmdId, popen.pid)
elif retcode < 0 or retcode > 128:
# dash would return negative while bash 128 + n
sigcode = -retcode if retcode < 0 else retcode - 128
logSys.error("%x -- killed with %s (return code: %s)",
realCmdId, signame.get(sigcode, "signal %i" % sigcode), retcode)
else:
msg = _RETCODE_HINTS.get(retcode, None)
logSys.error("%x -- returned %i", realCmdId, retcode)
if msg:
logSys.info("HINT on %i: %s", retcode, msg % locals())
if output:
return success, stdout, stderr, retcode
return success if len(success_codes) == 1 else (success, retcode)
@staticmethod
def wait_for(cond, timeout, interval=None):
"""Wait until condition expression `cond` is True, up to `timeout` sec
Parameters
----------
cond : callable
The expression to check condition
(should return equivalent to bool True if wait successful).
timeout : float or callable
The time out for end of wait
(in seconds or callable that returns True if timeout occurred).
interval : float (optional)
Polling start interval for wait cycle in seconds.
Returns
-------
variable
The return value of the last call of `cond`,
logical False (or None, 0, etc) if timeout occurred.
"""
#logSys.log(5, " wait for %r, tout: %r / %r", cond, timeout, interval)
ini = 1 # to delay initializations until/when necessary
while True:
ret = cond()
if ret:
return ret
if ini:
ini = stm = 0
if not callable(timeout):
time0 = time.time() + timeout
timeout_expr = lambda: time.time() > time0
else:
timeout_expr = timeout
if timeout_expr():
break
stm = min(stm + (interval or Utils.DEFAULT_SLEEP_INTERVAL), Utils.DEFAULT_SLEEP_TIME)
time.sleep(stm)
return ret
# Solution from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/568271/how-to-check-if-there-exists-a-process-with-a-given-pid
# under cc by-sa 3.0
if os.name == 'posix':
@staticmethod
def pid_exists(pid):
"""Check whether pid exists in the current process table."""
import errno
if pid < 0:
return False
try:
os.kill(pid, 0)
except OSError as e:
return e.errno == errno.EPERM
else:
return True
else: # pragma: no cover (no windows currently supported)
@staticmethod
def pid_exists(pid):
import ctypes
kernel32 = ctypes.windll.kernel32
SYNCHRONIZE = 0x100000
process = kernel32.OpenProcess(SYNCHRONIZE, 0, pid)
if process != 0:
kernel32.CloseHandle(process)
return True
else:
return False
@staticmethod
def load_python_module(pythonModule):
pythonModuleName = os.path.splitext(
os.path.basename(pythonModule))[0]
ldr = importlib.machinery.SourceFileLoader(pythonModuleName, pythonModule)
mod = types.ModuleType(ldr.name)
ldr.exec_module(mod)
return mod