Narrow jail config types with explicit union values

backend/app/models/config.py

@@ -4,9 +4,14 @@ Request, response, and domain models for the config router and service.
 """
 
 import datetime
+from typing import Literal
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, ConfigDict, Field
 
+DNSMode = Literal["yes", "warn", "no", "raw"]
+LogEncoding = Literal["auto", "ascii", "utf-8", "UTF-8", "latin-1"]
+BackendType = Literal["auto", "polling", "pyinotify", "systemd", "gamin"]
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Ban-time escalation
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -79,9 +84,9 @@ class JailConfig(BaseModel):
     ignore_regex: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, description="Regex patterns that bypass the ban logic.")
     log_paths: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, description="Monitored log files.")
     date_pattern: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Custom date pattern for log parsing.")
-    log_encoding: str = Field(default="UTF-8", description="Log file encoding.")
+    log_encoding: LogEncoding = Field(default="UTF-8", description="Log file encoding.")
-    backend: str = Field(default="polling", description="Log monitoring backend.")
+    backend: BackendType = Field(default="polling", description="Log monitoring backend.")
-    use_dns: str = Field(default="warn", description="DNS lookup mode: yes | warn | no | raw.")
+    use_dns: DNSMode = Field(default="warn", description="DNS lookup mode: yes | warn | no | raw.")
     prefregex: str = Field(default="", description="Prefix regex prepended to every failregex; empty means disabled.")
     actions: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, description="Names of actions attached to this jail.")
     bantime_escalation: BantimeEscalation | None = Field(
@@ -119,9 +124,9 @@ class JailConfigUpdate(BaseModel):
     ignore_regex: list[str] | None = Field(default=None)
     prefregex: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Prefix regex; None = skip, '' = clear, non-empty = set.")
     date_pattern: str | None = Field(default=None)
-    dns_mode: str | None = Field(default=None, description="DNS lookup mode: yes | warn | no | raw.")
+    dns_mode: DNSMode | None = Field(default=None, description="DNS lookup mode: yes | warn | no | raw.")
-    backend: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Log monitoring backend.")
+    backend: BackendType | None = Field(default=None, description="Log monitoring backend.")
-    log_encoding: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Log file encoding.")
+    log_encoding: LogEncoding | None = Field(default=None, description="Log file encoding.")
     enabled: bool | None = Field(default=None)
     bantime_escalation: BantimeEscalationUpdate | None = Field(
         default=None,
@@ -680,7 +685,7 @@ class JailSectionConfig(BaseModel):
     findtime: int | None = Field(default=None, ge=1, description="Time window in seconds for counting failures.")
     bantime: int | None = Field(default=None, description="Ban duration in seconds. -1 for permanent.")
     action: list[str] = Field(default_factory=list, description="Action references.")
-    backend: str | None = Field(default=None, description="Log monitoring backend.")
+    backend: BackendType | None = Field(default=None, description="Log monitoring backend.")
     extra: dict[str, str] = Field(default_factory=dict, description="Additional settings not captured by named fields.")
 
 
@@ -764,11 +769,11 @@ class InactiveJail(BaseModel):
         default=600,
         description="Failure-counting window in seconds, parsed from findtime string.",
     )
-    log_encoding: str = Field(
+    log_encoding: LogEncoding = Field(
         default="auto",
         description="Log encoding, e.g. ``utf-8`` or ``auto``.",
     )
-    backend: str = Field(
+    backend: BackendType = Field(
         default="auto",
         description="Log-monitoring backend, e.g. ``auto``, ``pyinotify``, ``polling``.",
     )
@@ -776,7 +781,7 @@ class InactiveJail(BaseModel):
         default=None,
         description="Date pattern for log parsing, or None for auto-detect.",
     )
-    use_dns: str = Field(
+    use_dns: DNSMode = Field(
         default="warn",
         description="DNS resolution mode: ``yes``, ``warn``, ``no``, or ``raw``.",
     )

frontend/src/components/config/JailSectionPanel.tsx

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import {
 import { KVEditor } from "./KVEditor";
 import { StringListEditor } from "./StringListEditor";
 import { useConfigStyles } from "./configStyles";
-import type { JailSectionConfig } from "../../types/config";
+import type { BackendType, JailSectionConfig } from "../../types/config";
 
 const BACKENDS = ["", "auto", "polling", "gamin", "pyinotify", "systemd"] as const;
 
@@ -64,7 +64,9 @@ export function JailSectionPanel({ jailName, section, onChange }: JailSectionPan
             <Select
               size="small"
               value={section.backend ?? ""}
-              onChange={(_e, d) => { update({ backend: d.value || null }); }}
+              onChange={(_e, d) => {
+                update({ backend: d.value ? (d.value as BackendType) : null });
+              }}
             >
               {BACKENDS.map((b) => (
                 <option key={b} value={b}>

frontend/src/components/config/JailsTab.tsx

@@ -34,11 +34,14 @@ import {
 import { ApiError } from "../../api/client";
 import type {
   AddLogPathRequest,
+  BackendType,
+  DNSMode,
   InactiveJail,
   JailConfig,
   JailConfigUpdate,
   JailValidationIssue,
   JailValidationResult,
+  LogEncoding,
 } from "../../types/config";
 import { useAutoSave } from "../../hooks/useAutoSave";
 import { useConfigActiveStatus } from "../../hooks/useConfigActiveStatus";
@@ -127,9 +130,9 @@ function JailConfigDetail({
   const [ignoreRegex, setIgnoreRegex] = useState<string[]>(jail.ignore_regex);
   const [logPaths, setLogPaths] = useState<string[]>(jail.log_paths);
   const [datePattern, setDatePattern] = useState(jail.date_pattern ?? "");
-  const [dnsMode, setDnsMode] = useState(jail.use_dns);
+  const [dnsMode, setDnsMode] = useState<DNSMode>(jail.use_dns);
-  const [backend, setBackend] = useState(jail.backend);
+  const [backend, setBackend] = useState<BackendType>(jail.backend);
-  const [logEncoding, setLogEncoding] = useState(jail.log_encoding);
+  const [logEncoding, setLogEncoding] = useState<LogEncoding>(jail.log_encoding);
   const [prefRegex, setPrefRegex] = useState(jail.prefregex);
   const [deletingPath, setDeletingPath] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [newLogPath, setNewLogPath] = useState("");
@@ -302,7 +305,7 @@ function JailConfigDetail({
             value={backend}
             disabled={readOnly}
             onChange={(_e, d) => {
-              setBackend(d.value);
+              setBackend(d.value as BackendType);
             }}
           >
             {BACKENDS.map((b) => (
@@ -315,7 +318,7 @@ function JailConfigDetail({
             value={logEncoding.toLowerCase()}
             disabled={readOnly}
             onChange={(_e, d) => {
-              setLogEncoding(d.value);
+              setLogEncoding(d.value as LogEncoding);
             }}
           >
             {LOG_ENCODINGS.map((e) => (
@@ -350,7 +353,7 @@ function JailConfigDetail({
             value={dnsMode}
             disabled={readOnly}
             onChange={(_e, d) => {
-              setDnsMode(d.value);
+              setDnsMode(d.value as DNSMode);
             }}
           >
             <option value="yes">yes — resolve hostnames</option>

frontend/src/types/config.ts

@@ -39,6 +39,10 @@ export interface BantimeEscalationUpdate {
 // Jail Configuration
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+export type DNSMode = "yes" | "warn" | "no" | "raw";
+export type LogEncoding = "auto" | "ascii" | "utf-8" | "UTF-8" | "latin-1";
+export type BackendType = "auto" | "polling" | "pyinotify" | "systemd" | "gamin";
+
 export interface JailConfig {
   name: string;
   ban_time: number;
@@ -48,10 +52,10 @@ export interface JailConfig {
   ignore_regex: string[];
   log_paths: string[];
   date_pattern: string | null;
-  log_encoding: string;
+  log_encoding: LogEncoding;
-  backend: string;
+  backend: BackendType;
   /** DNS look-up mode reported by fail2ban: "yes" | "warn" | "no" | "raw". */
-  use_dns: string;
+  use_dns: DNSMode;
   /** Prefix regex prepended to every failregex; empty string means disabled. */
   prefregex: string;
   actions: string[];
@@ -76,9 +80,9 @@ export interface JailConfigUpdate {
   /** Prefix regex; undefined/null = skip, "" = clear, non-empty = set. */
   prefregex?: string | null;
   date_pattern?: string | null;
-  dns_mode?: string | null;
+  dns_mode?: DNSMode | null;
-  backend?: string | null;
+  backend?: BackendType | null;
-  log_encoding?: string | null;
+  log_encoding?: LogEncoding | null;
   enabled?: boolean | null;
   bantime_escalation?: BantimeEscalationUpdate | null;
 }
@@ -454,7 +458,7 @@ export interface JailSectionConfig {
   findtime: number | null;
   bantime: number | null;
   action: string[];
-  backend: string | null;
+  backend: BackendType | null;
   extra: Record<string, string>;
 }
 
@@ -505,13 +509,13 @@ export interface InactiveJail {
   /** Failure-counting window in seconds, parsed from findtime. */
   find_time_seconds: number;
   /** Log encoding, e.g. ``"auto"`` or ``"utf-8"``. */
-  log_encoding: string;
+  log_encoding: LogEncoding;
   /** Log-monitoring backend. */
-  backend: string;
+  backend: BackendType;
   /** Date pattern for log parsing, or null for auto-detect. */
   date_pattern: string | null;
   /** DNS resolution mode. */
-  use_dns: string;
+  use_dns: DNSMode;
   /** Prefix regex prepended to every failregex. */
   prefregex: string;
   /** List of failure regex patterns. */

frontend/src/types/jail.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
  *   - `backend/app/models/geo.py`   (GeoDetail / IpLookupResponse)
  */
 
-import type { BantimeEscalation } from "./config";
+import type { BantimeEscalation, BackendType, LogEncoding } from "./config";
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 // Jail statistics
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ export interface JailSummary {
   /** Whether the jail is in idle mode (monitoring paused). */
   idle: boolean;
   /** Backend type used for log access (e.g. `"systemd"`, `"polling"`). */
-  backend: string;
+  backend: BackendType;
   /** Observation window in seconds before a ban is triggered. */
   find_time: number;
   /** Duration of a ban in seconds (negative = permanent). */
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ export interface Jail {
   /** Whether the jail is in idle mode. */
   idle: boolean;
   /** Backend type (systemd, polling, etc.). */
-  backend: string;
+  backend: BackendType;
   /** Log file paths monitored by this jail. */
   log_paths: string[];
   /** Fail-regex patterns used to identify offenders. */
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ export interface Jail {
   /** Date-pattern used for timestamp parsing, or empty string. */
   date_pattern: string;
   /** Log file encoding (e.g. `"UTF-8"`). */
-  log_encoding: string;
+  log_encoding: LogEncoding;
   /** Action names attached to this jail. */
   actions: string[];
   /** Observation window in seconds. */