diff --git a/Docs/Tasks.md b/Docs/Tasks.md
index 6e92a03..310a4db 100644
--- a/Docs/Tasks.md
+++ b/Docs/Tasks.md
@@ -241,6 +241,8 @@ Reference: `Docs/Refactoring.md` for full analysis of each issue.
 
 ### Task 13 — Move `ban_ip`, `unban_ip`, and `get_active_bans` from `jail_service` to `ban_service`
 
+**Status:** Completed ✅
+
 **Found in:** `backend/app/services/jail_service.py` contains `ban_ip`, `unban_ip`, and `get_active_bans`. These operations conceptually belong in `ban_service.py`, which is the declared home for ban management. Routers `bans.py` and `blocklist.py` already import `jail_service` specifically for these functions.
 
 **Goal:** Move the three functions into `ban_service.py`. Update `bans.py` and `blocklist.py` to import from `ban_service` instead of `jail_service`. Remove the now-redundant `jail_service` import from those routers if it is no longer needed.
diff --git a/backend/app/routers/bans.py b/backend/app/routers/bans.py
index d342c02..1621b59 100644
--- a/backend/app/routers/bans.py
+++ b/backend/app/routers/bans.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ from app.dependencies import (
 from app.exceptions import JailNotFoundError, JailOperationError
 from app.models.ban import ActiveBanListResponse, BanRequest, UnbanAllResponse, UnbanRequest
 from app.models.jail import JailCommandResponse
-from app.services import jail_service
+from app.services import ban_service, jail_service
 from app.exceptions import Fail2BanConnectionError
 
 router: APIRouter = APIRouter(prefix="/api/bans", tags=["Bans"])
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ async def get_active_bans(
         HTTPException: 502 when fail2ban is unreachable.
     """
     try:
-        return await jail_service.get_active_bans(
+        return await ban_service.get_active_bans(
             socket_path,
             geo_batch_lookup=geo_batch_lookup,
             http_session=http_session,
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ async def ban_ip(
         HTTPException: 502 when fail2ban is unreachable.
     """
     try:
-        await jail_service.ban_ip(socket_path, body.jail, body.ip)
+        await ban_service.ban_ip(socket_path, body.jail, body.ip)
         return JailCommandResponse(
             message=f"IP {body.ip!r} banned in jail {body.jail!r}.",
             jail=body.jail,
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ async def unban_ip(
     target_jail: str | None = None if (body.unban_all or body.jail is None) else body.jail
 
     try:
-        await jail_service.unban_ip(socket_path, body.ip, jail=target_jail)
+        await ban_service.unban_ip(socket_path, body.ip, jail=target_jail)
         scope = f"jail {target_jail!r}" if target_jail else "all jails"
         return JailCommandResponse(
             message=f"IP {body.ip!r} unbanned from {scope}.",
diff --git a/backend/app/routers/blocklist.py b/backend/app/routers/blocklist.py
index 77080d3..32bf764 100644
--- a/backend/app/routers/blocklist.py
+++ b/backend/app/routers/blocklist.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ from app.models.blocklist import (
     ScheduleConfig,
     ScheduleInfo,
 )
-from app.services import blocklist_service, geo_service, jail_service
+from app.services import ban_service, blocklist_service, geo_service
 from app.tasks.blocklist_import import run_import_with_resources
 
 router: APIRouter = APIRouter(prefix="/api/blocklists", tags=["Blocklists"])
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ async def run_import_now(
         socket_path,
         geo_is_cached=geo_service.is_cached,
         geo_batch_lookup=geo_batch_lookup,
-        ban_ip=jail_service.ban_ip,
+        ban_ip=ban_service.ban_ip,
     )
 
 
diff --git a/backend/app/services/ban_service.py b/backend/app/services/ban_service.py
index df3bf64..6502763 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/ban_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/ban_service.py
@@ -11,11 +11,14 @@ so BanGUI never modifies or locks the fail2ban database.
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
+import contextlib
+import ipaddress
 import time
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, cast
 
 import structlog
 
+from app.exceptions import JailNotFoundError, JailOperationError
 from app.models.ban import (
     BLOCKLIST_JAIL,
     BUCKET_SECONDS,
@@ -26,6 +29,8 @@ from app.models.ban import (
     BansByJailResponse,
     BanTrendBucket,
     BanTrendResponse,
+    ActiveBan,
+    ActiveBanListResponse,
     DashboardBanItem,
     DashboardBanListResponse,
     TimeRange,
@@ -42,6 +47,10 @@ from app.repositories.history_archive_repo import (
 )
 from app.services.fail2ban_metadata_service import default_fail2ban_metadata_service
 from app.utils.fail2ban_db_utils import parse_data_json, ts_to_iso
+from app.utils.fail2ban_client import (
+    Fail2BanClient,
+    Fail2BanResponse,
+)
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     import aiohttp
@@ -70,6 +79,114 @@ _SOCKET_TIMEOUT: float = 5.0
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
+def _ok(response: object) -> object:
+    """Extract the payload from a fail2ban ``(return_code, data)`` response.
+
+    Args:
+        response: Raw value returned by :meth:`~Fail2BanClient.send`.
+
+    Returns:
+        The payload ``data`` portion of the response.
+
+    Raises:
+        ValueError: If the response indicates an error (return code ≠ 0).
+    """
+    try:
+        code, data = response  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
+        raise ValueError(f"Unexpected fail2ban response shape: {response!r}") from exc
+
+    if code != 0:
+        raise ValueError(f"fail2ban returned error code {code}: {data!r}")
+
+    return data
+
+
+def _to_dict(pairs: object) -> dict[str, object]:
+    """Convert a list of ``(key, value)`` pairs to a plain dict.
+
+    Args:
+        pairs: A list of ``(key, value)`` pairs (or any iterable thereof).
+
+    Returns:
+        A :class:`dict` with the keys and values from *pairs*.
+    """
+    if not isinstance(pairs, (list, tuple)):
+        return {}
+    result: dict[str, object] = {}
+    for item in pairs:
+        try:
+            k, v = item
+            result[str(k)] = v
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            pass
+    return result
+
+
+def _ensure_list(value: object | None) -> list[str]:
+    """Coerce a fail2ban response value to a list of strings."""
+    if value is None:
+        return []
+    if isinstance(value, str):
+        return [value] if value.strip() else []
+    if isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
+        return [str(v) for v in value if v is not None]
+    return [str(value)]
+
+
+def _is_not_found_error(exc: Exception) -> bool:
+    """Return ``True`` if *exc* indicates a jail does not exist."""
+    msg = str(exc).lower()
+    return any(
+        phrase in msg
+        for phrase in (
+            "unknown jail",
+            "unknownjail",
+            "no jail",
+            "does not exist",
+            "not found",
+        )
+    )
+
+
+async def ban_ip(socket_path: str, jail: str, ip: str) -> None:
+    """Ban an IP address in the specified jail."""
+    try:
+        ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid IP address: {ip!r}") from exc
+
+    client = Fail2BanClient(socket_path=socket_path, timeout=_SOCKET_TIMEOUT)
+
+    try:
+        _ok(await client.send(["set", jail, "banip", ip]))
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        if _is_not_found_error(exc):
+            raise JailNotFoundError(jail) from exc
+        raise JailOperationError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+async def unban_ip(socket_path: str, ip: str, jail: str | None = None) -> None:
+    """Unban an IP address from a specific jail or all jails."""
+    try:
+        ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise ValueError(f"Invalid IP address: {ip!r}") from exc
+
+    client = Fail2BanClient(socket_path=socket_path, timeout=_SOCKET_TIMEOUT)
+
+    if jail is None:
+        _ok(await client.send(["unban", ip]))
+        return
+
+    try:
+        _ok(await client.send(["set", jail, "unbanip", ip]))
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        if _is_not_found_error(exc):
+            raise JailNotFoundError(jail) from exc
+        raise JailOperationError(str(exc)) from exc
+
+
 def _origin_sql_filter(origin: BanOrigin | None) -> tuple[str, tuple[str, ...]]:
     """Return a SQL fragment and its parameters for the origin filter.
 
@@ -88,6 +205,191 @@ def _origin_sql_filter(origin: BanOrigin | None) -> tuple[str, tuple[str, ...]]:
     return "", ()
 
 
+def _parse_ban_entry(entry: str, jail: str) -> ActiveBan | None:
+    """Parse a ban entry from ``get <jail> banip --with-time`` output."""
+    from datetime import UTC, datetime
+
+    try:
+        parts = entry.split("\t", 1)
+        ip = parts[0].strip()
+
+        ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
+
+        if len(parts) < 2:
+            return ActiveBan(
+                ip=ip,
+                jail=jail,
+                banned_at=None,
+                expires_at=None,
+                ban_count=1,
+                country=None,
+            )
+
+        time_part = parts[1].strip()
+        plus_idx = time_part.find(" + ")
+        if plus_idx == -1:
+            banned_at_str = time_part.strip()
+            expires_at_str: str | None = None
+        else:
+            banned_at_str = time_part[:plus_idx].strip()
+            remainder = time_part[plus_idx + 3 :]
+            eq_idx = remainder.find(" = ")
+            expires_at_str = remainder[eq_idx + 3 :].strip() if eq_idx != -1 else None
+
+        _date_fmt = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
+
+        def _to_iso(ts: str) -> str:
+            dt = datetime.strptime(ts, _date_fmt).replace(tzinfo=UTC)
+            return dt.isoformat()
+
+        banned_at_iso: str | None = None
+        expires_at_iso: str | None = None
+
+        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
+            banned_at_iso = _to_iso(banned_at_str)
+
+        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):
+            if expires_at_str:
+                expires_at_iso = _to_iso(expires_at_str)
+
+        return ActiveBan(
+            ip=ip,
+            jail=jail,
+            banned_at=banned_at_iso,
+            expires_at=expires_at_iso,
+            ban_count=1,
+            country=None,
+        )
+    except (ValueError, IndexError, AttributeError) as exc:
+        log.debug("ban_entry_parse_error", entry=entry, jail=jail, error=str(exc))
+        return None
+
+
+async def _enrich_bans(
+    bans: list[ActiveBan],
+    geo_enricher: GeoEnricher,
+) -> list[ActiveBan]:
+    """Enrich ban records with geo data asynchronously."""
+    geo_results: list[object | Exception] = await asyncio.gather(
+        *[cast("Awaitable[object]", geo_enricher(ban.ip)) for ban in bans],
+        return_exceptions=True,
+    )
+    enriched: list[ActiveBan] = []
+    for ban, geo in zip(bans, geo_results, strict=False):
+        if geo is not None and not isinstance(geo, Exception):
+            geo_info = cast("GeoInfo", geo)
+            enriched.append(ban.model_copy(update={"country": geo_info.country_code}))
+        else:
+            enriched.append(ban)
+    return enriched
+
+
+async def get_active_bans(
+    socket_path: str,
+    geo_batch_lookup: GeoBatchLookup | None = None,
+    geo_enricher: GeoEnricher | None = None,
+    http_session: aiohttp.ClientSession | None = None,
+    app_db: aiosqlite.Connection | None = None,
+) -> ActiveBanListResponse:
+    """Return all currently banned IPs across every jail.
+
+    For each jail the ``get <jail> banip --with-time`` command is used
+    to retrieve ban start and expiry times alongside the IP address.
+
+    Geo enrichment strategy (highest priority first):
+
+    1. When *http_session* is provided the entire set of banned IPs is resolved
+       in a single :func:`~app.services.geo_service.lookup_batch` call (up to
+       100 IPs per HTTP request).  This is far more efficient than concurrent
+       per-IP lookups and stays within ip-api.com rate limits.
+    2. When only *geo_enricher* is provided (legacy / test path) each IP is
+       resolved individually via the supplied async callable.
+
+    Args:
+        socket_path: Path to the fail2ban Unix domain socket.
+        geo_enricher: Optional async callable ``(ip) -> GeoInfo | None``.
+            Used to enrich each ban entry with country and ASN data.
+            Ignored when *http_session* is provided.
+        http_session: Optional shared :class:`aiohttp.ClientSession`.  When
+            provided, :func:`~app.services.geo_service.lookup_batch` is used
+            for efficient bulk geo resolution.
+        app_db: Optional BanGUI application database connection used to
+            persist newly resolved geo entries across restarts.  Only
+            meaningful when *http_session* is provided.
+
+    Returns:
+        :class:`~app.models.ban.ActiveBanListResponse` with all active bans.
+
+    Raises:
+        ~app.utils.fail2ban_client.Fail2BanConnectionError: If the socket
+            cannot be reached.
+    """
+
+    client = Fail2BanClient(socket_path=socket_path, timeout=_SOCKET_TIMEOUT)
+
+    global_status = _to_dict(_ok(await client.send(["status"])))
+    jail_list_raw: str = str(global_status.get("Jail list", "") or "").strip()
+    jail_names: list[str] = (
+        [j.strip() for j in jail_list_raw.split(",") if j.strip()]
+        if jail_list_raw
+        else []
+    )
+
+    if not jail_names:
+        return ActiveBanListResponse(bans=[], total=0)
+
+    results: list[object | Exception] = await asyncio.gather(
+        *[client.send(["get", jn, "banip", "--with-time"]) for jn in jail_names],
+        return_exceptions=True,
+    )
+
+    bans: list[ActiveBan] = []
+    for jail_name, raw_result in zip(jail_names, results, strict=False):
+        if isinstance(raw_result, Exception):
+            log.warning(
+                "active_bans_fetch_error",
+                jail=jail_name,
+                error=str(raw_result),
+            )
+            continue
+
+        try:
+            ban_list: list[str] = cast("list[str]", _ok(raw_result)) or []
+        except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
+            log.warning(
+                "active_bans_parse_error",
+                jail=jail_name,
+                error=str(exc),
+            )
+            continue
+
+        for entry in ban_list:
+            ban = _parse_ban_entry(str(entry), jail_name)
+            if ban is not None:
+                bans.append(ban)
+
+    if http_session is not None and bans and geo_batch_lookup is not None:
+        all_ips: list[str] = [ban.ip for ban in bans]
+        try:
+            geo_map = await geo_batch_lookup(all_ips, http_session, db=app_db)
+        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
+            log.warning("active_bans_batch_geo_failed")
+            geo_map = {}
+        enriched: list[ActiveBan] = []
+        for ban in bans:
+            geo = geo_map.get(ban.ip)
+            if geo is not None:
+                enriched.append(ban.model_copy(update={"country": geo.country_code}))
+            else:
+                enriched.append(ban)
+        bans = enriched
+    elif geo_enricher is not None:
+        bans = await _enrich_bans(bans, geo_enricher)
+
+    log.info("active_bans_fetched", total=len(bans))
+    return ActiveBanListResponse(bans=bans, total=len(bans))
+
+
 _TIME_RANGE_SLACK_SECONDS: int = 60
 
 
@@ -502,7 +804,7 @@ async def bans_by_country(
                 country_names[cc] = cn
 
     # Build companion table from recent rows (geo already cached from batch step).
-    bans: list[DashboardBanItem] = []
+    bans: list[ActiveBan] = []
     for companion_row in companion_rows:
         if source == "archive":
             ip = companion_row["ip"]
diff --git a/backend/app/services/jail_service.py b/backend/app/services/jail_service.py
index 21cb6f6..3c45026 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/jail_service.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/jail_service.py
@@ -802,194 +802,6 @@ async def restart_daemon(
     )
 
 
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Public API — Ban / Unban
-# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
-async def ban_ip(socket_path: str, jail: str, ip: str) -> None:
-    """Ban an IP address in a specific fail2ban jail.
-
-    The IP address is validated with :mod:`ipaddress` before the command
-    is sent to fail2ban.
-
-    Args:
-        socket_path: Path to the fail2ban Unix domain socket.
-        jail: Jail in which to apply the ban.
-        ip: IP address to ban (IPv4 or IPv6).
-
-    Raises:
-        ValueError: If *ip* is not a valid IP address.
-        JailNotFoundError: If *jail* is not a known jail.
-        JailOperationError: If fail2ban reports the operation failed.
-        ~app.utils.fail2ban_client.Fail2BanConnectionError: If the socket
-            cannot be reached.
-    """
-    # Validate the IP address before sending to avoid injection.
-    try:
-        ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
-    except ValueError as exc:
-        raise ValueError(f"Invalid IP address: {ip!r}") from exc
-
-    client = Fail2BanClient(socket_path=socket_path, timeout=_SOCKET_TIMEOUT)
-    try:
-        _ok(await client.send(["set", jail, "banip", ip]))
-        log.info("ip_banned", ip=ip, jail=jail)
-    except ValueError as exc:
-        if _is_not_found_error(exc):
-            raise JailNotFoundError(jail) from exc
-        raise JailOperationError(str(exc)) from exc
-
-
-async def unban_ip(
-    socket_path: str,
-    ip: str,
-    jail: str | None = None,
-) -> None:
-    """Unban an IP address from one or all fail2ban jails.
-
-    If *jail* is ``None``, the IP is unbanned from every jail using the
-    global ``unban`` command.  Otherwise only the specified jail is
-    targeted.
-
-    Args:
-        socket_path: Path to the fail2ban Unix domain socket.
-        ip: IP address to unban.
-        jail: Jail to unban from. ``None`` means all jails.
-
-    Raises:
-        ValueError: If *ip* is not a valid IP address.
-        JailNotFoundError: If *jail* is specified but does not exist.
-        JailOperationError: If fail2ban reports the operation failed.
-        ~app.utils.fail2ban_client.Fail2BanConnectionError: If the socket
-            cannot be reached.
-    """
-    try:
-        ipaddress.ip_address(ip)
-    except ValueError as exc:
-        raise ValueError(f"Invalid IP address: {ip!r}") from exc
-
-    client = Fail2BanClient(socket_path=socket_path, timeout=_SOCKET_TIMEOUT)
-    try:
-        if jail is None:
-            _ok(await client.send(["unban", ip]))
-            log.info("ip_unbanned_all_jails", ip=ip)
-        else:
-            _ok(await client.send(["set", jail, "unbanip", ip]))
-            log.info("ip_unbanned", ip=ip, jail=jail)
-    except ValueError as exc:
-        if _is_not_found_error(exc):
-            raise JailNotFoundError(jail or "") from exc
-        raise JailOperationError(str(exc)) from exc
-
-
-async def get_active_bans(
-    socket_path: str,
-    geo_batch_lookup: GeoBatchLookup | None = None,
-    geo_enricher: GeoEnricher | None = None,
-    http_session: aiohttp.ClientSession | None = None,
-    app_db: aiosqlite.Connection | None = None,
-) -> ActiveBanListResponse:
-    """Return all currently banned IPs across every jail.
-
-    For each jail the ``get <jail> banip --with-time`` command is used
-    to retrieve ban start and expiry times alongside the IP address.
-
-    Geo enrichment strategy (highest priority first):
-
-    1. When *http_session* is provided the entire set of banned IPs is resolved
-       in a single :func:`~app.services.geo_service.lookup_batch` call (up to
-       100 IPs per HTTP request).  This is far more efficient than concurrent
-       per-IP lookups and stays within ip-api.com rate limits.
-    2. When only *geo_enricher* is provided (legacy / test path) each IP is
-       resolved individually via the supplied async callable.
-
-    Args:
-        socket_path: Path to the fail2ban Unix domain socket.
-        geo_enricher: Optional async callable ``(ip) → GeoInfo | None``
-            used to enrich each ban entry with country and ASN data.
-            Ignored when *http_session* is provided.
-        http_session: Optional shared :class:`aiohttp.ClientSession`.  When
-            provided, :func:`~app.services.geo_service.lookup_batch` is used
-            for efficient bulk geo resolution.
-        app_db: Optional BanGUI application database connection used to
-            persist newly resolved geo entries across restarts.  Only
-            meaningful when *http_session* is provided.
-
-    Returns:
-        :class:`~app.models.ban.ActiveBanListResponse` with all active bans.
-
-    Raises:
-        ~app.utils.fail2ban_client.Fail2BanConnectionError: If the socket
-            cannot be reached.
-    """
-
-    client = Fail2BanClient(socket_path=socket_path, timeout=_SOCKET_TIMEOUT)
-
-    # Fetch jail names.
-    global_status = _to_dict(_ok(await client.send(["status"])))
-    jail_list_raw: str = str(global_status.get("Jail list", "") or "").strip()
-    jail_names: list[str] = (
-        [j.strip() for j in jail_list_raw.split(",") if j.strip()]
-        if jail_list_raw
-        else []
-    )
-
-    if not jail_names:
-        return ActiveBanListResponse(bans=[], total=0)
-
-    # For each jail, fetch the ban list with time info in parallel.
-    results: list[object | Exception] = await asyncio.gather(
-        *[client.send(["get", jn, "banip", "--with-time"]) for jn in jail_names],
-        return_exceptions=True,
-    )
-
-    bans: list[ActiveBan] = []
-    for jail_name, raw_result in zip(jail_names, results, strict=False):
-        if isinstance(raw_result, Exception):
-            log.warning(
-                "active_bans_fetch_error",
-                jail=jail_name,
-                error=str(raw_result),
-            )
-            continue
-
-        try:
-            ban_list: list[str] = cast("list[str]", _ok(raw_result)) or []
-        except (TypeError, ValueError) as exc:
-            log.warning(
-                "active_bans_parse_error",
-                jail=jail_name,
-                error=str(exc),
-            )
-            continue
-
-        for entry in ban_list:
-            ban = _parse_ban_entry(str(entry), jail_name)
-            if ban is not None:
-                bans.append(ban)
-
-    # Enrich with geo data — prefer batch lookup over per-IP enricher.
-    if http_session is not None and bans and geo_batch_lookup is not None:
-        all_ips: list[str] = [ban.ip for ban in bans]
-        try:
-            geo_map = await geo_batch_lookup(all_ips, http_session, db=app_db)
-        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001
-            log.warning("active_bans_batch_geo_failed")
-            geo_map = {}
-        enriched: list[ActiveBan] = []
-        for ban in bans:
-            geo = geo_map.get(ban.ip)
-            if geo is not None:
-                enriched.append(ban.model_copy(update={"country": geo.country_code}))
-            else:
-                enriched.append(ban)
-        bans = enriched
-    elif geo_enricher is not None:
-        bans = await _enrich_bans(bans, geo_enricher)
-
-    log.info("active_bans_fetched", total=len(bans))
-    return ActiveBanListResponse(bans=bans, total=len(bans))
 
 
 def _parse_ban_entry(entry: str, jail: str) -> ActiveBan | None:
diff --git a/backend/app/tasks/blocklist_import.py b/backend/app/tasks/blocklist_import.py
index f2e1605..ae0f290 100644
--- a/backend/app/tasks/blocklist_import.py
+++ b/backend/app/tasks/blocklist_import.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 import structlog
 
 from app.db import open_db
-from app.services import blocklist_service, jail_service
+from app.services import ban_service, blocklist_service
 from app.utils.runtime_state import get_effective_settings
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ async def _run_import_with_resources(settings: Settings, http_session: ClientSes
             db,
             http_session,
             socket_path,
-            ban_ip=jail_service.ban_ip,
+            ban_ip=ban_service.ban_ip,
         )
         log.info(
             "blocklist_import_finished",
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_routers/test_bans.py b/backend/tests/test_routers/test_bans.py
index 2e2d6d9..e84d127 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test_routers/test_bans.py
+++ b/backend/tests/test_routers/test_bans.py
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
             total=1,
         )
         with patch(
-            "app.routers.bans.jail_service.get_active_bans",
+            "app.routers.bans.ban_service.get_active_bans",
             AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response),
         ):
             resp = await bans_client.get("/api/bans/active")
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
         """GET /api/bans/active returns empty list when no bans are active."""
         mock_response = ActiveBanListResponse(bans=[], total=0)
         with patch(
-            "app.routers.bans.jail_service.get_active_bans",
+            "app.routers.bans.ban_service.get_active_bans",
             AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response),
         ):
             resp = await bans_client.get("/api/bans/active")
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
             total=1,
         )
         with patch(
-            "app.routers.bans.jail_service.get_active_bans",
+            "app.routers.bans.ban_service.get_active_bans",
             AsyncMock(return_value=mock_response),
         ):
             resp = await bans_client.get("/api/bans/active")
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ class TestBanIp:
     async def test_201_on_success(self, bans_client: AsyncClient) -> None:
         """POST /api/bans returns 201 when the IP is banned."""
         with patch(
-            "app.routers.bans.jail_service.ban_ip",
+            "app.routers.bans.ban_service.ban_ip",
             AsyncMock(return_value=None),
         ):
             resp = await bans_client.post(
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ class TestBanIp:
     async def test_400_for_invalid_ip(self, bans_client: AsyncClient) -> None:
         """POST /api/bans returns 400 for an invalid IP address."""
         with patch(
-            "app.routers.bans.jail_service.ban_ip",
+            "app.routers.bans.ban_service.ban_ip",
             AsyncMock(side_effect=ValueError("Invalid IP address: 'bad'")),
         ):
             resp = await bans_client.post(
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ class TestBanIp:
         from app.services.jail_service import JailNotFoundError
 
         with patch(
-            "app.routers.bans.jail_service.ban_ip",
+            "app.routers.bans.ban_service.ban_ip",
             AsyncMock(side_effect=JailNotFoundError("ghost")),
         ):
             resp = await bans_client.post(
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class TestUnbanIp:
     async def test_200_unban_from_all(self, bans_client: AsyncClient) -> None:
         """DELETE /api/bans with unban_all=true unbans from all jails."""
         with patch(
-            "app.routers.bans.jail_service.unban_ip",
+            "app.routers.bans.ban_service.unban_ip",
             AsyncMock(return_value=None),
         ):
             resp = await bans_client.request(
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ class TestUnbanIp:
     async def test_200_unban_from_specific_jail(self, bans_client: AsyncClient) -> None:
         """DELETE /api/bans with a jail unbans from that jail only."""
         with patch(
-            "app.routers.bans.jail_service.unban_ip",
+            "app.routers.bans.ban_service.unban_ip",
             AsyncMock(return_value=None),
         ):
             resp = await bans_client.request(
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ class TestUnbanIp:
     async def test_400_for_invalid_ip(self, bans_client: AsyncClient) -> None:
         """DELETE /api/bans returns 400 for an invalid IP."""
         with patch(
-            "app.routers.bans.jail_service.unban_ip",
+            "app.routers.bans.ban_service.unban_ip",
             AsyncMock(side_effect=ValueError("Invalid IP address: 'bad'")),
         ):
             resp = await bans_client.request(
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ class TestUnbanIp:
         from app.services.jail_service import JailNotFoundError
 
         with patch(
-            "app.routers.bans.jail_service.unban_ip",
+            "app.routers.bans.ban_service.unban_ip",
             AsyncMock(side_effect=JailNotFoundError("ghost")),
         ):
             resp = await bans_client.request(
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_services/test_blocklist_service.py b/backend/tests/test_services/test_blocklist_service.py
index 11fa32d..b4f13c0 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test_services/test_blocklist_service.py
+++ b/backend/tests/test_services/test_blocklist_service.py
@@ -174,17 +174,17 @@ class TestImport:
 
         source = await blocklist_service.create_source(db, "Import Test", "https://t.test/")
 
-        from app.services import jail_service
+        from app.services import ban_service
 
         with patch(
-            "app.services.jail_service.ban_ip", new_callable=AsyncMock
+            "app.services.ban_service.ban_ip", new_callable=AsyncMock
         ) as mock_ban:
             result = await blocklist_service.import_source(
                 source,
                 session,
                 "/tmp/fake.sock",
                 db,
-                ban_ip=jail_service.ban_ip,
+                ban_ip=ban_service.ban_ip,
             )
 
         assert result.ips_imported == 2
@@ -198,15 +198,15 @@ class TestImport:
         session = _make_session(content)
         source = await blocklist_service.create_source(db, "CIDR Test", "https://c.test/")
 
-        from app.services import jail_service
+        from app.services import ban_service
 
-        with patch("app.services.jail_service.ban_ip", new_callable=AsyncMock):
+        with patch("app.services.ban_service.ban_ip", new_callable=AsyncMock):
             result = await blocklist_service.import_source(
                 source,
                 session,
                 "/tmp/fake.sock",
                 db,
-                ban_ip=jail_service.ban_ip,
+                ban_ip=ban_service.ban_ip,
             )
 
         assert result.ips_imported == 1
@@ -217,14 +217,14 @@ class TestImport:
         session = _make_session("", status=503)
         source = await blocklist_service.create_source(db, "Err Source", "https://err.test/")
 
-        from app.services import jail_service
+        from app.services import ban_service
 
         result = await blocklist_service.import_source(
             source,
             session,
             "/tmp/fake.sock",
             db,
-            ban_ip=jail_service.ban_ip,
+            ban_ip=ban_service.ban_ip,
         )
 
         assert result.ips_imported == 0
@@ -234,6 +234,7 @@ class TestImport:
         """import_source aborts immediately and records an error when the target jail
         does not exist in fail2ban instead of silently skipping every IP."""
         from app.services.jail_service import JailNotFoundError
+        from app.services import ban_service
 
         content = "\n".join(f"1.2.3.{i}" for i in range(100))
         session = _make_session(content)
@@ -246,15 +247,13 @@ class TestImport:
             call_count += 1
             raise JailNotFoundError(jail)
 
-        with patch("app.services.jail_service.ban_ip", side_effect=_raise_jail_not_found):
-            from app.services import jail_service
-
+        with patch("app.services.ban_service.ban_ip", side_effect=_raise_jail_not_found):
             result = await blocklist_service.import_source(
                 source,
                 session,
                 "/tmp/fake.sock",
                 db,
-                ban_ip=jail_service.ban_ip,
+                ban_ip=ban_service.ban_ip,
             )
 
         # Must abort after the first JailNotFoundError — only one ban attempt.
@@ -273,15 +272,15 @@ class TestImport:
         session = _make_session(content)
 
         with patch(
-            "app.services.jail_service.ban_ip", new_callable=AsyncMock
+            "app.services.ban_service.ban_ip", new_callable=AsyncMock
         ):
-            from app.services import jail_service
+            from app.services import ban_service
 
             result = await blocklist_service.import_all(
                 db,
                 session,
                 "/tmp/fake.sock",
-                ban_ip=jail_service.ban_ip,
+                ban_ip=ban_service.ban_ip,
             )
 
         # Only S1 is enabled, S2 is disabled.
@@ -415,16 +414,16 @@ class TestGeoPrewarmCacheFilter:
         def _mock_is_cached(ip: str) -> bool:
             return ip == "1.2.3.4"
 
-        from app.services import jail_service
+        from app.services import ban_service
 
         mock_batch = AsyncMock(return_value={})
-        with patch("app.services.jail_service.ban_ip", new_callable=AsyncMock):
+        with patch("app.services.ban_service.ban_ip", new_callable=AsyncMock):
             result = await blocklist_service.import_source(
                 source,
                 session,
                 "/tmp/fake.sock",
                 db,
-                ban_ip=jail_service.ban_ip,
+                ban_ip=ban_service.ban_ip,
                 geo_is_cached=_mock_is_cached,
                 geo_batch_lookup=mock_batch,
             )
diff --git a/backend/tests/test_services/test_jail_service.py b/backend/tests/test_services/test_jail_service.py
index 643eb84..1f574b8 100644
--- a/backend/tests/test_services/test_jail_service.py
+++ b/backend/tests/test_services/test_jail_service.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import asyncio
+import contextlib
 from typing import Any
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, patch
 
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ from app.exceptions import Fail2BanConnectionError
 from app.models.ban import ActiveBanListResponse, JailBannedIpsResponse
 from app.models.geo import GeoDetail, GeoInfo
 from app.models.jail import JailDetailResponse, JailListResponse
-from app.services import jail_service
+from app.services import ban_service, jail_service
 from app.services.jail_service import JailNotFoundError, JailOperationError
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -71,7 +72,10 @@ def _patch_client(responses: dict[str, Any]) -> Any:
         def __init__(self, **_kw: Any) -> None:
             self.send = mock_send
 
-    return patch("app.services.jail_service.Fail2BanClient", _FakeClient)
+    stack = contextlib.ExitStack()
+    stack.enter_context(patch("app.services.jail_service.Fail2BanClient", _FakeClient))
+    stack.enter_context(patch("app.services.ban_service.Fail2BanClient", _FakeClient))
+    return stack
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -555,19 +559,19 @@ class TestJailControls:
 
 
 class TestBanUnban:
-    """Unit tests for :func:`~app.services.jail_service.ban_ip` and
-    :func:`~app.services.jail_service.unban_ip`.
+    """Unit tests for :func:`~app.services.ban_service.ban_ip` and
+    :func:`~app.services.ban_service.unban_ip`.
     """
 
     async def test_ban_ip_success(self) -> None:
         """ban_ip sends the banip command for a valid IP."""
         with _patch_client({"set|sshd|banip|1.2.3.4": (0, 1)}):
-            await jail_service.ban_ip(_SOCKET, "sshd", "1.2.3.4")  # should not raise
+            await ban_service.ban_ip(_SOCKET, "sshd", "1.2.3.4")  # should not raise
 
     async def test_ban_ip_invalid_raises(self) -> None:
         """ban_ip raises ValueError for a non-IP value."""
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid IP"):
-            await jail_service.ban_ip(_SOCKET, "sshd", "not-an-ip")
+            await ban_service.ban_ip(_SOCKET, "sshd", "not-an-ip")
 
     async def test_ban_ip_unknown_jail_exception_raises_jail_not_found(self) -> None:
         """ban_ip raises JailNotFoundError when fail2ban returns UnknownJailException.
@@ -581,27 +585,27 @@ class TestBanUnban:
             _patch_client({"set|missing-jail|banip|1.2.3.4": response}),
             pytest.raises(JailNotFoundError, match="missing-jail"),
         ):
-            await jail_service.ban_ip(_SOCKET, "missing-jail", "1.2.3.4")
+            await ban_service.ban_ip(_SOCKET, "missing-jail", "1.2.3.4")
 
     async def test_ban_ipv6_success(self) -> None:
         """ban_ip accepts an IPv6 address."""
         with _patch_client({"set|sshd|banip|::1": (0, 1)}):
-            await jail_service.ban_ip(_SOCKET, "sshd", "::1")  # should not raise
+            await ban_service.ban_ip(_SOCKET, "sshd", "::1")  # should not raise
 
     async def test_unban_ip_all_jails(self) -> None:
         """unban_ip with jail=None uses the global unban command."""
         with _patch_client({"unban|1.2.3.4": (0, 1)}):
-            await jail_service.unban_ip(_SOCKET, "1.2.3.4")  # should not raise
+            await ban_service.unban_ip(_SOCKET, "1.2.3.4")  # should not raise
 
     async def test_unban_ip_specific_jail(self) -> None:
         """unban_ip with a jail sends the set unbanip command."""
         with _patch_client({"set|sshd|unbanip|1.2.3.4": (0, 1)}):
-            await jail_service.unban_ip(_SOCKET, "1.2.3.4", jail="sshd")  # should not raise
+            await ban_service.unban_ip(_SOCKET, "1.2.3.4", jail="sshd")  # should not raise
 
     async def test_unban_invalid_ip_raises(self) -> None:
         """unban_ip raises ValueError for an invalid IP."""
         with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Invalid IP"):
-            await jail_service.unban_ip(_SOCKET, "bad-ip")
+            await ban_service.unban_ip(_SOCKET, "bad-ip")
 
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -610,7 +614,7 @@ class TestBanUnban:
 
 
 class TestGetActiveBans:
-    """Unit tests for :func:`~app.services.jail_service.get_active_bans`."""
+    """Unit tests for :func:`~app.services.ban_service.get_active_bans`."""
 
     async def test_returns_active_ban_list_response(self) -> None:
         """get_active_bans returns an ActiveBanListResponse."""
@@ -622,7 +626,7 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
             ),
         }
         with _patch_client(responses):
-            result = await jail_service.get_active_bans(_SOCKET)
+            result = await ban_service.get_active_bans(_SOCKET)
 
         assert isinstance(result, ActiveBanListResponse)
         assert result.total == 1
@@ -633,7 +637,7 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
         """get_active_bans returns empty list when no jails are active."""
         responses = {"status": (0, [("Number of jail", 0), ("Jail list", "")])}
         with _patch_client(responses):
-            result = await jail_service.get_active_bans(_SOCKET)
+            result = await ban_service.get_active_bans(_SOCKET)
 
         assert result.total == 0
         assert result.bans == []
@@ -645,7 +649,7 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
             "get|sshd|banip|--with-time": (0, []),
         }
         with _patch_client(responses):
-            result = await jail_service.get_active_bans(_SOCKET)
+            result = await ban_service.get_active_bans(_SOCKET)
 
         assert result.total == 0
 
@@ -659,7 +663,7 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
             ),
         }
         with _patch_client(responses):
-            result = await jail_service.get_active_bans(_SOCKET)
+            result = await ban_service.get_active_bans(_SOCKET)
 
         ban = result.bans[0]
         assert ban.banned_at is not None
@@ -691,8 +695,8 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
             def __init__(self, **_kw: Any) -> None:
                 self.send = AsyncMock(side_effect=_side)
 
-        with patch("app.services.jail_service.Fail2BanClient", _FakeClientPartial):
-            result = await jail_service.get_active_bans(_SOCKET)
+        with patch("app.services.ban_service.Fail2BanClient", _FakeClientPartial):
+            result = await ban_service.get_active_bans(_SOCKET)
 
         # Only sshd ban returned (nginx silently skipped)
         assert result.total == 1
@@ -714,7 +718,7 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
 
         with _patch_client(responses):
             mock_session = AsyncMock()
-            result = await jail_service.get_active_bans(
+            result = await ban_service.get_active_bans(
                 _SOCKET,
                 http_session=mock_session,
                 geo_batch_lookup=mock_batch,
@@ -738,7 +742,7 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
 
         with _patch_client(responses):
             mock_session = AsyncMock()
-            result = await jail_service.get_active_bans(
+            result = await ban_service.get_active_bans(
                 _SOCKET,
                 http_session=mock_session,
                 geo_batch_lookup=failing_batch,
@@ -763,7 +767,7 @@ class TestGetActiveBans:
             return GeoInfo(country_code="JP", country_name="Japan", asn=None, org=None)
 
         with _patch_client(responses):
-            result = await jail_service.get_active_bans(
+            result = await ban_service.get_active_bans(
                 _SOCKET, geo_enricher=_enricher
             )